Jesus is God (the 2nd Person in the
Trinity)
Since the first century there has been debate about the ontological nature
of Jesus of Nazareth. Some say He was only a man, others say he
was only a god, and others say that he was a mixture of the two. The
early church was fairly unified that Jesus was both God and man (http://www.dtl.org/subject/trinity.htm),
and that doctrine was codified at the Nicean Council in 325.
At that council, summarizing the debate that occurred primarily against
Arius of Alexandria, they clarified the issue with the following
words:
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We believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of all things visible
and invisible. And we believe in one Lord Jesus
Christ, the Son of God, begotten from the Father, only-begotten, that is
from the Father's substance, light from light, true God
from true God, begotten not made, of one substance with the Father.
Through him were made all things, both in heaven and on
earth. For us and for our salvation he came down, was incarnate and became
human. He suffered, rose again on the third day,
ascended into the heavens and is coming to judge the living and the dead.
And we believe in the Holy Spirit. But those who
say, 'there was once when he was not' and 'before he was begotten he was
not,' and that 'he was made out of nothing,' or who
affirm that 'the Son is of a different hypostasis or substance,' or that
he is mutable or changeable - these the catholic and
apostolic church anathematizes. |
There are many people today who believe that Jesus was just a good man,
but was not God. This belief contradicts Scripture's witness that Jesus was fully God
and that Jesus knew that He Himself was God. Further, this belief by the early church and
Scripture opposes the current Jehovah's Witness belief that Jesus was
merely "a god"--the orthodox belief is that Jesus was part of the Trinity,
and was Yahweh God, the "one true and mighty God", not a minor god among
several. While the term Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) is not a term
that is explicity used in Scripture, there is abundant Scriptural witness to the theology
of the Trinity and church history strongly attests to the
apostolic belief that both Jesus and the Holy Spirit are two of the three
parts of the God-Head, together with the Father.
Below is my argument from Scripture that Jesus is clearly the one true
God. It is primarily addressed to the specific anti-Trinitarian arguments of the Jehovah's
Witnesses, but the Scriptures used are valid in any context
to support the theology that Jesus is fully God as part of the Trinity. But
because of the focus on Jehovah's Witness arguments, the passages
quoted are from their accepted translation, the New World Translation,
followed by the New International Version passages. The two
translations are not incompatible and are not paralled here in an
attempt to show disagreements in the translations, but are for
convenience only for those used to the NWT or the NIV respectively.
Finally, despite the nature of this paper as supporting Jesus' divinity,
it is not my position that the Arian/Jehovah's Witness position has no Scriptural
support. As with all human-originated attempts to do theology,
we fail to fully grasp the true nature of God, of God's relationship with
humans and of our relationships with each other. Since we are fallen and finite
beings, we do not have the epistemological capacity to
fully understand God. On the issue of the ontological nature of Jesus,
I see in Scripture a paradox in the descriptions of Jesus,
some of which seem to indicate Jesus as created and less than fully God,
while others indicate Jesus' full divinity. Rather than seeing these passages
as contradictions, I see them as further humbling evidence that we cannot truly
understand Jesus' nature and that a more
rational position on this issue is not Trinitarian or Arian, but a position
incorporates the mysteries of both positions into a theology that glorifies
God despite human incompetence.
1) Philippians 2:5-7
The first three arguments are Greek in nature, and require a working
knowledge of New Testament Greek to fully accept. These are the only
three points at which I will take exception to the NW translation of the
Greek and Hebrew, which is why I feel it neccessary to explain the Greek
and Hebrew.
NWT
Keep this mental attitude in YOU that was also in Christ
Jesus, who, although he was existing in God's form, gave no consideration
to a seizure, namely, that he should be equal to God. No, but he emptied
himself and took a slave's form and came to be in the likeness of men.
NIV
Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus:
Who,
being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to
be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the very
nature of a servant, being made in human likeness.
Wescott/Hort (verse 6 only)
os en morfh Qeou 'uparxwn oux
'arpagmon hghsato to einai isa Qew
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The NWT actually appears to be more of a dynamic paraphrase of
the verse rather than a translation. First this translation downplays the
strength of the Greek 'uparchw, and translates it as "existing in
God's form" rather than clarifying the true intent of the word, which is
almost tautological in nature, referring to the full equality in essence
of Jesus' nature with Yahweh's nature. Then, immediately following this
strong assertion of Jesus' nature, Paul uses the word 'arpagmos,
meaning "to be forcibly retained" as opposed to the NW translation of
Jesus giving "no consideration to a seizure." There are two primary
usages of 'arpagmos, one meaning to rob, and the other to continue
to clutch. The translation of 'arpagmos with the robbery
connotation does not fit into the context of the passage, nor of the image
of Jesus that the original readers would have had, and therefore would not
need to be said. The more appropriate translation is of Jesus not feeling
the need to forcibly clutch the nature of God that he already possessed.
the theology deriving form this translation is that in the incarnation,
there were certain characteristics of being God that Jesus had that would
have to be given up in order to become fully human, such as omnipresense,
omnipotence and omniscience.
2) John 8:58 + Exodus 3:14
NWT
John 8:58 Jesus said to them: "Most truly I say to YOU, Before Abraham
came into existence, I have been."
Exodus 3:14 And this God said to Moses: "I SHALL PROVE TO BE WHAT I SHALL
PROVE TO BE,"...
NIV
John 8:58 "I tell you the truth," Jesus answered, "before Abraham was
born, I am!"
Exodus 3:14 God said to Moses, "I AM WHO I AM.
Wescott/Hort
John 8:58 eipen autois ihsous amhn amhn legw umin prin abraam genesQai
egw eimi
Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament in Jesus'
day; circa 450-400 BCE)
Exodus 3:14 kai eipen ho Qeos pros Mwsn egw eimi ho wn...
BHM (Hebrew)
Exodus 3:14 b'amar 'elohiym 'el-mosheh hayah asher hayah...
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The strongest contention against the NW translation is of the John 8:58
translation of egw eimi as "I have been." The Greek is unambiguous
at this point, and the NW appears to be simply a mistranslation. There is
no linguistic evidence that I know of for translating egw eimi in
the imperfect tense--it is clearly present tense. The word eimi is
the present, active, indicative, first person singular form of the word
"to be" and can only be translated as "I am." The helping word egw
is merely a first person singular pronoun translated as "I." One of the
issues in translating this verse is that there is no need for the word
egw because eimi already clearly indicates first person
singular ("I"). Using the pronoun is often used for emphasis. In this
case, there is reason to believe that Jesus was intending to refer back to
Exodus 3:
14, where Yahweh claims that His name is (according to the
Septuagint) is egw eimi, ho wn, translated as "I am who I am." The
three primary reasons supporting this translation and interpretation of
Jesus' intent is the unneccessary usage of egw (thus parallelling
the Septuagint translation), the context of Jesus placing his existence
prior to Abraham (thus implying omnipresence in time), and the response of
the Pharisees (John 8:59), who immediately tried to stone him. The
offense for blasphemy against God was immediate death by stoning, and
there is much evidence in this passage to indicate that Jesus was calling
Himself God, equivalent to Yahweh.
3) Hebrews 1:8
NWT
But with reference to the Son: "God is your throne forever and ever, and
[the] scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of uprightness
NIV
But about the Son he says, "Your throne, O God, will last for ever and
ever, and righteousness will be the scepter of your kingdom.
Westcott/Hort
pros de ton 'uion o Qronov sou o Qeov eis ton aiwna
tou aiwnov kai h rabdos ths euQuthtos rabdos
ths basileias sou |
The Greek in this passage does not easily allow for the NW translation of
"God is your throne." The Greek, "o Qronov sou o Qeov" pretty
clearly is best translated as the NIV does as "Your throne, O God..."
In order for this verse to be translated "God is your throne" there would
have to be the verb "to be" in the sentence, which there is not. Without
the verb "is" one cannot translate "o Qronov sou o Qeov" as God is
your throne," but only as "Your throne, O God..." Therefore, in the
context of the passage, the author of Hebrews says that Yahweh is saying
to Jesus, "Your throne, O God, will last forever." In the process of
saying this, the expected Greek word kurios, meaning Lord or
master, is not used, but the strong word Qeos, which can only be
translated God. Combine this with the argument from verse ten (see
argument #11), this verse clearly seems to indicate that Yahweh was also
calling Jesus God at the level of Yahweh Himself.
4) Isaiah 9:6
NWT
For there has been a child born to us, there has been a son given to us;
and the princely rule will come to be upon his shoulder. And his name
will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of
Peace.
NIV
For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will
be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty
God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. |
This verse in Isaiah is a prophecy about Jesus, but is calling him both
Mighty God and Eternal Father, both of which are terms for Yahweh. This
indicates that there was at some level the belief by Isaiah that the
coming Messiah, who would be born as an human, would also somehow be fully
God, not *just* a king (often the word for god in the OT actually refers
to powerful people, but in this context, Isaiah clarifies the intent of
his reference).
5) Matthew 28:19
NWT
Go therefore and make disciples of people of all the nations, baptizing
them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the holy spirit
NIV
Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the
name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,
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There was a longstanding tradition of baptism in the Jewish faith, and
was done in the name of Yahweh God. In this context, when the baptism
custom is taken up by the New Testament Christians, the baptism is now
clarified by referring specifically to all parts of the Trinity. Nobody
in the Jewish custom would have baptized in the name of any king of
person, because to do so would be blasphemy. In this case, Jesus is
clarifying the nature of God by specifying all parts of the God-head in
his reference to baptism in the name of God. Baptism in the name of the
one God Yahweh means being baptized into all three persons contained
within the One God: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
6) John
5:18
NWT
On this account, indeed, the Jews began seeking all the more to kill him,
because not only was he breaking the Sabbath but he was also calling God
his own Father, making himself equal to God
NIV
For this reason the Jews tried all the harder to kill him; not only was he
breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making
himself equal with God.
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Here we clearly see that John believed that Jesus understood that He
Himself was God, a third person in the Trinity. John does not merely say
that the Jews tried to kill Jesus because they believed that Jesus was
calling Himself equal with God. John explicates that the Jews were
trying to kill him because HE WAS CLAIMING He was equal with God.
7) Mark 2:5-7 + Isaiah
43:25
NWT
Isaiah 43:25 I-I am the One that is wiping out your transgressions for
my own sake, and your sins I shall not remember.
Mark 2:5-7 And when Jesus saw their faith he said to the paralytic:
"Child, your sins are forgiven." Now there were some of the scribes
there, sitting and reasoning in their hearts: "Why is this man talking
in this manner? He is blaspheming. Who can forgive sins except one,
God?" NIV
Isaiah 43:25 "I, even I, am he who blots out your transgressions, for my
own sake, and remembers your sins no more.
Mark 2:5-7 When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, "Son,
your sins are forgiven." Now some teachers of the law were sitting there,
thinking to themselves, "Why does this fellow talk like that? He's
blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?"
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The Isaiah passage indicates that it is Yahweh God who forgives sins, yet
Jesus takes that responsibility onto Himself. This is one of the many
examples of behaviors that Jesus takes on that belong only to God. The
Jews of the time knew what Jesus was claiming about Himself, which is why
many of them were trying to kill him, because in claiming that He was
Yahweh God, He was committing blasphemy.
8) Matthew 21:15-16 + Psalms
8:1-3
NWT
Psalms 8:1-3 O Jehovah our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the
earth, You whose dignity is recounted above the heavens! Out of the
mouth of children and sucklings you have founded strength, On account
of those showing hostility to you, So as to make the enemy and the one
taking his vengeance desist. When I see your heavens, the works of
your fingers, The moon and the stars that you have prepared.
Matthew 21:15-16 When the chief priests and the scribes saw the
marvelous things he did and the boys that were crying out in the temple
and saying "Save, we pray, the Son of David!" they became indignant and
said to him: "Do you hear what these are saying?" Jesus said to
them:"Tes. Did YOU never read this, 'Out of the mouth of babes and
sucklings you have furnished praise'?"
NIV
Psalms 8:1-3 O LORD, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth!
You have set your glory above the heavens. From the lips of children and infants you have
ordained praise because of your enemies, to silence the
foe and the avenger. When I consider your heavens, the work of your
fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,
Matthew 21:15-16 But when the chief priests and the teachers of the law
saw the wonderful things he did and the children shouting in the temple
area, "Hosanna to the Son of David," they were indignant. "Do you hear
what these children are saying?" they asked him. "Yes," replied Jesus,
"have you never read, "`From the lips of children and infants you have
ordained praise'?"
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Psalms 8:1 clearly indicates that verse 2 refers to Yahweh, however Jesus
in Matthew 21 indicates that verse 2 refers to Himself, thus providing the
teachers of the law with all the more evidence that Jesus was claiming to
be Yahweh.
9) Matthew 25:31-33 + Ezekiel 34:17
NWT
Ezekiel 34:17 "'And as for YOU my sheep, this is what the Sovereign
Lord Jehovah has said: "Here I am judging between a sheep and a sheep,
between the rams and the he-goats.
Matthew 25:31-33 "When the Son of man arrives in his glory, and all
the angels with him, then he will sit down on his glorious throne.
And all the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate
people one from another, just as a shepherd separates the sheep from
the goats. And he will put the sheep on his right hand, but the goats
on his left.
NIV
Ezekiel 34:17 "`As for you, my flock, this is what the Sovereign LORD
says: I will judge between one sheep and another, and between rams and
goats.
Matthew 25:31-33 "When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the
angels with him, he will sit on his throne in heavenly glory. All the
nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one
from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He will
put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left.
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The Ezekiel passage indicates that it is Yahweh who will separate the
sheep from the goats on the last day, whereas Jesus indicates in Matthew
that He Himself will separate the two.
10) Luke 20:18 + Isaiah 8:13-15
NWT
Isaiah 8:13-15 Jehovah of armies-he is the One whom YOU should treat as
holy, and he should be the object of YOUR fear, and he should be the One
causing YOU to tremble." And he must become as a sacred place; but as a
stone to strike against and as a rock over which to stumble to both the
houses of Israel, as a trap and as a snare to the inhabitants of
Jerusalem. And many among them will be certain to stumble and to fall
and be broken and to be snared and caught.
Luke 20:18 Everyone falling upon that stone will be shattered. As
for anyone upon whom it falls, it will pulverize him."
NIV
Isaiah 8:13-15 The LORD Almighty is the one you are to regard as holy, he
is the one you are to fear, he is the one you are to dread, and he will
be a sanctuary; but for both houses of Israel he will be a stone that
causes men to stumble and a rock that makes them fall. And for the people
of Jerusalem he will be a trap and a snare. Many of them will stumble;
they will fall and be broken, they will be snared and captured."
Luke 20:18 Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, but
he on whom it falls will be crushed."
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In yet another parallel passage, Jesus takes on the prophecy that was
originally ascribed to Yahweh. The Isaiah passage indicates that Yahweh
is the stumbling block on which some will be crushed. Jesus ascribes that
passage to himself in Luke.
11) Hebrews 1:10 + Psalms
102:25-27
NWT
Psalms 102:25-27 Long ago you laid the foundations of the earth itself,
And the heavens are the work of your hands. They themselves will
perish, but you yourself will keep standing; And just like a garment
they will all of them wear out. Just like clothing you will replace
them, and they will finish their turn. But you are the same, and your
own years will not be completed.
Hebrews 1:10 And: "You at [the] beginning, O Lord, laid the
foundations of the earth itself, and the heavens are [the] works of
your hands.
NIV
Psalms 102:25-27 In the beginning you laid the foundations of the earth,
and the heavens are the work of your hands. They will perish, but you
remain; they will all wear out like a garment. Like clothing you will
change them and they will be discarded. But you remain the same, and your
years will never end.
Hebrews 1:10 He also says, "In the beginning, O Lord, you laid the
foundations of the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands.
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As has been seen numerous times already, the Hebrew writer is claiming
that the subject of verse 10 (Jesus) is the object of Psalms 102
(Yahweh), thus giving us the distinct impression that the author of
Hebrews believed that Jesus was equivalent to Yahweh.
12) Revelation 21:3-7 + Revelation 22:12-16
NWT
Revelation 21:3-7 With that I heard a loud voice from the throne say:
"Look! The tent of God is with mankind, and he will reside with them,
and they will be his peoples. And God himself will be with them. And
he will wipe out every tear from their eyes, and death will b eno more,
neither will mourning nor outcry nor pain be anymore. The former
things have passed away." And the One seated on the throne said: "Look!
I am making all things new." Also, he says: "Write, because these words
are faithful and true." And he said to me: "They have come to pass! I
am the Al'pha and the O-me'ga, the beginning and the end. To anyone
thirsting I will give from the fountain of the water of life free.
Anyone conquering will inherit these things, and I shall be his God and
he will be my son.
Revelation 22:12-16 "Look! I am coming quickly, and the reward I give is
with me, to render to each one as his work is. I am the Al'pha and the
O-me'ga, the beginning and the end. Happy are those who wash their robes,
that the authority [to go] to the trees of life may be theirs and that
they may gain entrance into the city by its gates. Outside are the dogs an
those who practice spiritism and the fornicators and the murderers and the
idolaters and everyone liking and carrying on a lie.' "'I, Jesus, sent my
angel to bear witness to YOU people of these things for the congregations.
I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright morning star.'"
NIV
Revelation 21:3-7 And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, "Now
the dwelling of God is with men, and he will live with them. They will be
his people, and God himself will be with them and be their God He will
wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning
or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away." He who
was seated on the throne said, "I am making everything new!" Then he
said, "Write this down, for these words are trustworthy and true." He said
to me: "It is done. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the
End. To him who is thirsty I will give to drink without cost from the
spring of the water of life. He who overcomes will inherit all this, and
I will be his God and he will be my son.
Revelation 22:12-16 12"Behold, I am coming soon! My reward is with me, and
I will give to everyone according to what he has done. I am the Alpha and
the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End. "Blessed
are those who wash their robes, that they may have the right to the tree
of life and may go through the gates into the city. Outside are the dogs,
those who practice magic arts, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the
idolaters and everyone who loves and practices falsehood. "I, Jesus, have
sent my angel to give you [1] this testimony for the churches. I am the
Root and the Offspring of David, and the bright Morning Star."
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Again, as has been seen numerous times previously, we see parallel
passages that refer simultaneously to both Yahweh and to Jesus. In this
particular instance, we see that Yahweh is called the Alpha and the Omega
in Revelation 21, but that Jesus is called the Alpha and the Omega in the
chapter 22.
13) John 14:6
NWT
John 14:6 Jesus said to him: "I am the way and the truth and the life.
No one comes to the Father except through me.
NIV
John 14:6 Jesus answered, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No
one comes to the Father except through me.
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There is possibly a semantic problem with Jesus calling Himself "the
truth and the life." If Jesus is "the" truth and "the" life, then in what
position does that place Yahweh? While this argument is not definitive,
it is still compelling, if one takes Jesus' words here in a strong sense.
If Jesus is the truth and the life, then it would seem logical that no
other being could be the truth and the life, including Yahweh. Following
this logic, if it is already known that Yahweh is truth and life, then
Jesus would be making himself equivalent to Yahweh, as we have seen Him
repeatedly do in the above arguments.
14) John 1:6-10 + 1 John 1:5
NWT
John 1:6-10 There arose a man that was sent forth as a representative
of God: his name was John. This [man] came for a witness, in order to
bear witness about the light, that peple of all sorts might believe
through him. He was not that light, but he was meant to bear witness
about that light. The true light that gives light to every sort of man
was about to come into the world. He was in the world, and the world
came into existence through him, but the world did not know him.
1 John 1:5 And this is the message which we have heard from him and are
announcing to YOU, that God is light and there is no darkness at all in
union with him.
NIV
John 1:6-10 There came a man who was sent from God; his name was John. He
came as a witness to testify concerning that light, so that through him
all men might believe. He himself was not the light; he came only as a
witness to the light. The true light that gives light to every man was
coming into the world. He was in the world, and though the world was made
through him, the world did not recognize him.
1 John 1:5 This is the message we have heard from him and declare to you:
God is light; in him there is no darkness at all.
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As before, we see John in his Gospel saying that Jesus is "the light,"
while in his letter saying that Yahweh is "the light," indicating that
the apostle John (Jesus' best friend) saw equivalency in the natures of
Jesus and Yahweh.
15) John 1:3 + Colossians 1:16 + Genesis 1:1 + Revelation 4:11
NWT
John 1:3 All things came into existence through him, and apart from him
not even one thing came into existence.
Colossians 1:16 because by means of him all [other] things were creted
in the heavens and upon the earth, the things visible and the things
invisible, no matter whether they are thrones or lordships or
governments or authorities. All [other] things have been created
through him and for him.
Genesis 1:1 In [the] beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
Revelation 4:11 "You are worthy, Jehovah, even our God, to receive the
glory and the honor and the power, because you created all things, and
because of your will they existed and were created."
NIV
John 1:3 Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made
that has been made.
Colossians 1:16 For by him all things were created: things in heaven and
on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or
authorities; all things were created by him and for him.
Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
Revelation 4:11 "You are worthy, our Lord and God, to receive glory and
honor and power, for you created all things, and by your will they were
created and have their being."
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Here we have several verses indicating that Yahweh is the creator of all
things, but at the same time we have verses which indicate that Jesus is
the creator of all things. This gives us further evidence that the
Scriptural writers believed that Jesus and Yahweh were the same person.
16) John 20:28
NWT
In answer Thomas said to him: "My Lord and my God!"
NIV
Thomas said to him, "My Lord and my God!"
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It is often said by Jehovah's Witnesses about this verse that Thomas is
redirecting his words to Yahweh as he says this. However, that is
difficult to obtain from the text. There is no indication that Thomas has
redirected his attention, nor does it appear that John has noticed this
redirection as he writes. John does not say that "Thomas looked to heaven
and said, 'My Lord and my God,'" nor is there any apparent change in the
subject of Thomas' attention in the context of the passage. Rather, John
indicates that when Jesus has finished talking to Thomas, Thomas is moved
to say to "him [referring to Jesus, the closest subject to this pronoun],
'My Lord and my God.'"
17) Revelation 17:14 + 1 Timothy 6:15-16
NWT
Revelation 17:14 These will battle with the Lamb, but, because he is
Lord of lords and King of kings, the Lamb will conquer them. Also,
those called and chosen and faithful with him [will do so]."
1 Timothy 6:15-16 This [manifestation] the happy and only Potentate
will show in its own appointed times, [he] the King of those who rule
as kings and Lord of those who rule as lords, the one alone having
immortality, who dwells in unapproachable light, whom not one of men
has seen or can see. To him be honor and might everlasting. Amen.
NIV
Revelation 17:14 They will make war against the Lamb, but the Lamb will
overcome them because he is Lord of lords and King of kings--and with
him will be his called, chosen and faithful followers."
1 Timothy 6:15-16 which God will bring about in his own time--God, the
blessed and only Ruler, the King of kings and Lord of lords, who alone is
immortal and who lives in unapproachable light, whom no one has seen or
can see. To him be honor and might forever. Amen.
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Again, we see parallel references to both Yahweh and Jesus. Here we see
in Revelation that John believes that the Lamb (Jesus) is the King of
kings and Lord of Lords, but Paul in 1 Timothy believes that Yahweh is the
King of kings and Lord of lords. The only alternative interpretation for
this is that Paul's language is imprecise here and is actually not
referring to Yahweh here, but is referring to Jesus. In that case,
however, Paul is saying that Jesus is "the one alone having
immortality, who dwells in unapproachable light, whom not one of men
has seen or can see," which seems only to create more problems for the
non-Trinitarian than does the understanding that Paul is refering to
Yahweh.
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"Open your eyes. Don't let your mind tell the story here." Tonic, 1996